滚珠丝杠​

Ball screw

滚珠丝杠是为常见的丝杠类型之一。其螺母与丝杠之间通过滚珠实现滚动摩擦，相比传统的滑动丝杠，滚珠丝杠具有更高的传动效率，通常可达 90% 以上。这意味着在相同的输入功率下，滚珠丝杠能够输出更大的推力，并且能够实现更快的运动速度。同时，滚珠丝杠的精度较高，能够满足精密机械对定位精度的严苛要求，定位精度可达 ±0.002mm。此外，滚珠丝杠的寿命较长，由于滚动摩擦产生的热量少，磨损小，在合理的使用和维护条件下，能够长时间稳定运行。然而，滚珠丝杠的制造成本相对较高，对安装和使用环境的要求也较为严格，需要定期进行润滑和维护。​

Ball screw is one of the most common types of screw. The rolling friction between the nut and the screw is achieved through ball bearings. Compared with traditional sliding screws, ball screws have higher transmission efficiency, usually reaching over 90%. This means that under the same input power, the ball screw can output greater thrust and achieve faster motion speed. At the same time, ball screws have high precision and can meet the strict requirements of precision machinery for positioning accuracy, with a positioning accuracy of up to ± 0.002mm. In addition, ball screws have a long lifespan and can operate stably for a long time under reasonable use and maintenance conditions due to the low heat generated by rolling friction and minimal wear. However, the manufacturing cost of ball screws is relatively high, and the requirements for installation and use environment are also strict, requiring regular lubrication and maintenance. ​

梯形丝杠​

Trapezoidal lead screw

梯形丝杠的螺纹牙型为梯形，其结构简单，制造工艺相对容易，成本较低。梯形丝杠具有较大的承载能力，能够承受较大的轴向力，适用于一些对承载能力要求较高但对运动速度和精度要求相对较低的场合，如起重机、升降机等设备。梯形丝杠的自锁性能较好，当丝杠停止转动时，螺母能够在重力或外力作用下保持静止，不会发生自行滑动，这在一些需要保持固定位置的应用中具有重要意义。不过，梯形丝杠的传动效率相对较低，一般在 25% - 40% 之间，且由于滑动摩擦的存在，磨损较快，需要定期调整和更换。​

The thread profile of the trapezoidal screw is trapezoidal, with a simple structure, relatively easy manufacturing process, and low cost. The trapezoidal screw has a large load-bearing capacity and can withstand large axial forces, making it suitable for applications that require high load-bearing capacity but relatively low requirements for motion speed and accuracy, such as cranes, elevators, and other equipment. The self-locking performance of trapezoidal screw is good. When the screw stops rotating, the nut can remain stationary under the action of gravity or external force, and will not slide on its own. This is of great significance in some applications that require maintaining a fixed position. However, the transmission efficiency of trapezoidal screw is relatively low, generally between 25% and 40%, and due to the existence of sliding friction, it wears out quickly and needs to be adjusted and replaced regularly. ​

燕尾导轨​

Swallowtail rail

燕尾导轨的截面形状呈燕尾状，其结构紧凑，能够承受较大的颠覆力矩，适用于需要承受较大侧向力的场合，如车床的刀架、铣床的工作台等。燕尾导轨的制造和安装相对简单，成本较低，但由于其接触面积较大，摩擦力也较大，运动速度相对较慢，且精度相对较低。为了减小摩擦力，通常会在燕尾导轨的接触面上添加润滑油或采用镶条调整间隙。​

The cross-sectional shape of the swallowtail guide rail is swallowtail shaped, with a compact structure that can withstand large overturning moments. It is suitable for situations that require large lateral forces, such as the tool holder of a lathe, the worktable of a milling machine, etc. The manufacturing and installation of dovetail guides are relatively simple and cost-effective, but due to their large contact area and high friction, their movement speed is relatively slow and their accuracy is relatively low. In order to reduce friction, lubricating oil is usually added to the contact surface of the dovetail guide or clearance is adjusted using inserts. ​

滚轮导轨​

Roller guide rail

滚轮导轨由导轨和滚轮组成，滚轮通过轴承安装在运动部件上，与导轨表面滚动接触。滚轮导轨具有较高的运动速度和加速度，能够适应高速、频繁启停的工作环境。同时，滚轮导轨的承载能力较大，能够承受较重的负载。此外，滚轮导轨的维护相对简单，只需定期检查滚轮的磨损情况并进行更换即可。然而，滚轮导轨的精度相对滚珠丝杠和直线导轨较低，适用于对精度要求不是特别高的自动化生产线等场合。

The roller guide rail is composed of a guide rail and a roller. The roller is installed on the moving parts through bearings and comes into rolling contact with the surface of the guide rail. Roller guides have high movement speed and acceleration, which can adapt to high-speed and frequent start stop working environments. At the same time, the bearing capacity of the roller guide rail is relatively large and can withstand heavy loads. In addition, the maintenance of the roller guide rail is relatively simple, just regularly check the wear of the rollers and replace them. However, the accuracy of roller guides is relatively low compared to ball screws and linear guides, making them suitable for automated production lines and other situations where precision requirements are not particularly high.

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