导轨丝杠作为高精密直线传动的核心部件，广泛应用于数控机床、自动化生产线、医疗器械、机器人等领域。其主要功能是将旋转运动转换为直线运动，并通过导轨实现支撑和导向作用。根据摩擦特性，丝杠可分为滑动丝杠、滚动丝杠和静压丝杠三种类型。其中，滚珠丝杠因其高传动效率、长寿命和高精度成为主流产品，而行星滚柱丝杠则因其高刚性和高承载能力，适用于重载和高可靠性要求的场景，如航空母舰和核电站等。

As the core component of high-precision linear transmission, guide screw is widely used in fields such as CNC machine tools, automated production lines, medical equipment, robots, etc. Its main function is to convert rotational motion into linear motion and achieve support and guidance through guide rails. According to the friction characteristics, screw can be divided into three types: sliding screw, rolling screw, and static pressure screw. Among them, ball screws have become mainstream products due to their high transmission efficiency, long lifespan, and high precision, while planetary roller screws are suitable for heavy-duty and high reliability requirements due to their high rigidity and load-bearing capacity, such as aircraft carriers and nuclear power plants.

尽管导轨丝杠技术在全球范围内已较为成熟，但我国在这一领域的国产化率仍然较低。主要原因包括设计、原材料、制造设备等方面的差距，尤其是高质量原材料的缺乏影响了丝杠的寿命和可靠性。然而，在人形机器人和新能源汽车等新兴行业的推动下，国产丝杠导轨正迎来快速发展的机遇。未来，随着政策支持和技术进步，国产丝杠导轨有望实现自主可控，并在高端领域占据更大市场份额。

Although the technology of guide screw has become relatively mature globally, China's localization rate in this field is still relatively low. The main reasons include differences in design, raw materials, manufacturing equipment, etc., especially the lack of high-quality raw materials, which affects the life and reliability of the screw. However, driven by emerging industries such as humanoid robots and new energy vehicles, domestic screw guides are facing opportunities for rapid development. In the future, with policy support and technological progress, domestic screw guides are expected to achieve independent controllability and occupy a larger market share in the high-end field.

导轨丝杠按结构可分为梯形丝杠、滚珠丝杠和行星滚柱丝杠。梯形丝杠因摩擦阻力大、传动效率低而逐渐被取代；滚珠丝杠则因其高传动效率和长寿命成为主流产品；行星滚柱丝杠虽然制造难度大、成本高，但其高刚性和高承载能力使其在重载场景中具有不可替代的优势。此外，导轨按结构可分为滑动导轨、滚动导轨和液体静压导轨，其中滚动导轨适用于高精度、高速轻加工场景，而液体静压导轨则因成本高而应用较少

Guide screw can be divided into trapezoidal screw, ball screw, and planetary roller screw according to their structure. The trapezoidal screw is gradually being replaced due to its high frictional resistance and low transmission efficiency; Ball screws have become mainstream products due to their high transmission efficiency and long lifespan; Although planetary roller screw is difficult to manufacture and costly, its high rigidity and load-bearing capacity make it irreplaceable in heavy-duty scenarios. In addition, guide rails can be divided into sliding guide rails, rolling guide rails, and liquid static pressure guide rails according to their structure. Rolling guide rails are suitable for high-precision, high-speed, and lightweight machining scenarios, while liquid static pressure guide rails are less commonly used due to their high cost

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