Ball screw is an efficient transmission device that converts rotational motion into linear motion, consisting of six key components that are precisely matched:

螺杆：带有精密螺旋槽的转轴

Screw: a shaft with precision spiral grooves

螺母：内部设有匹配螺旋槽的套件

Nut: Kit with matching spiral groove inside

钢球：在螺旋槽中滚动的传动介质

Steel ball: a transmission medium that rolls in a spiral groove

预压片：保持适当预紧力的关键部件

Pre pressing: a key component that maintains appropriate pre tension force

反向器：实现钢球循环的通道装置

Reversing device: a channel device for realizing the circulation of steel balls

防尘器：保护内部清洁的密封组件

Dustproof device: a sealing component that protects internal cleanliness

二、性能对比分析

2、 Performance comparison analysis

传动效率表现：

Transmission efficiency performance:

滚珠丝杠：90%-99%（近乎零摩擦的滚动接触）

Ball screw: 90% -99% (almost zero friction rolling contact)

滑动丝杠：25%-50%（存在较大滑动摩擦损耗）

Sliding screw: 25% -50% (with significant sliding friction loss)

精度等级差异：

Accuracy level difference:

滚珠丝杠：可达微米级定位精度

Ball screw: capable of micrometer level positioning accuracy

滑动丝杠：通常为毫米级精度

Sliding screw: usually with millimeter level accuracy

使用寿命对比：

Comparison of service life:

滚珠丝杠：可达数万小时（低磨损设计）

Ball screw: up to tens of thousands of hours (low wear design)

滑动丝杠：数千小时后需更换（摩擦损耗严重）

Sliding screw: needs to be replaced after thousands of hours (due to severe friction loss)

三、应用场景选择指南

3、 Application Scenario Selection Guide

（一）优先选择滚珠丝杠的场合：

（1） Preferred occasions for choosing ball screws:

数控机床的进给系统

The feed system of CNC machine tools

精密测量设备定位平台

Precision measuring equipment positioning platform

半导体制造设备

Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment

需要配合伺服/步进电机使用的自动化设备

Automation equipment that needs to be used in conjunction with servo/stepper motors

高速、高精度、长寿命要求的场景

Scenarios requiring high speed, high precision, and long lifespan

（二）可考虑滑动丝杠的情况：

（2） Consider the case of sliding screw:

简单力传递装置

Simple force transmission device

对定位精度要求不高的手动调节机构

Manual adjustment mechanism with low requirements for positioning accuracy

需要自锁功能的垂直升降装置（部分型号）

Vertical lifting device requiring self-locking function (some models)

预算有限且使用频率低的设备

Equipment with limited budget and low usage frequency

四、选型决策要素

4、 Selection decision elements

精度需求：根据设备定位要求选择合适等级

Accuracy requirement: Select the appropriate level according to the equipment positioning requirements

负载条件：考虑轴向载荷和径向载荷

Load conditions: Consider axial and radial loads

速度要求：高速应用必须选择滚珠丝杠

Speed requirement: Ball screws must be selected for high-speed applications

使用环境：粉尘多或潮湿环境需特殊处理

Usage environment: Special treatment is required for dusty or humid environments

预算限制：平衡初期成本与长期维护费用

Budget constraint: Balancing initial costs and long-term maintenance expenses

通过以上对比分析，工程技术人员可以根据具体应用需求，在滚珠丝杠和滑动丝杠之间做出合理选择，确保设备获得的性能表现和使用寿命

Through the above comparative analysis, engineering and technical personnel can make a reasonable choice between ball screws and sliding screws according to specific application needs, ensuring that the equipment achieves the best performance and service life

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