在现代工业生产中，导轨丝杠作为实现精确直线运动的关键部件，发挥着不可或缺的作用。它们广泛应用于数控机床、自动化生产线、机器人等设备，为工业制造的高精度和率提供了坚实保障。

In modern industrial production, the guide screw plays an indispensable role as a key component for achieving precise linear motion. They are widely used in CNC machine tools, automated production lines, robots and other equipment, providing a solid guarantee for high precision and efficiency in industrial manufacturing.

导轨丝杠的工作原理

Working principle of guide screw

导轨丝杠是一种将旋转运动转化为直线运动的机械装置，由丝杠和导轨组成。丝杠通常为螺纹杆，通过旋转来推动螺母作直线运动；导轨则为螺母提供导向，确保其运动的直线度和稳定性。二者紧密配合，实现了高精度的直线运动。

A guide screw is a mechanical device that converts rotational motion into linear motion, consisting of a screw and a guide rail. Screw is usually a threaded rod that drives the nut to move in a straight line by rotating it; The guide rail provides guidance for the nut, ensuring its straightness and stability in motion. The two work closely together to achieve high-precision linear motion.

导轨丝杠的类型

Types of guide screw

滚珠丝杠：在丝杠和螺母之间安装滚珠，以滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦，大大提高了传动效率和精度。滚珠丝杠具有高精度、率、低摩擦、长寿命等优点，广泛应用于数控机床、精密加工设备等领域。

Ball screw: Installing balls between the screw and nut to replace sliding friction with rolling friction greatly improves transmission efficiency and accuracy. Ball screws have the advantages of high precision, high efficiency, low friction, and long service life, and are widely used in fields such as CNC machine tools and precision machining equipment.

梯形丝杠：牙型为梯形，螺母和丝杠直接接触，依靠滑动摩擦实现运动。梯形丝杠结构简单、承载能力大，但传动效率较低，常用于低速、重载的场合，如机床的工作台进给、升降机构等。

Trapezoidal lead screw: The tooth shape is trapezoidal, and the nut and lead screw are in direct contact, relying on sliding friction to achieve motion. The trapezoidal screw has a simple structure and high load-bearing capacity, but its transmission efficiency is relatively low. It is commonly used in low-speed and heavy-duty situations, such as the worktable feed and lifting mechanism of machine tools.

行星滚柱丝杠：在丝杠和螺母之间布置多个行星滚柱，通过滚柱的滚动实现运动。行星滚柱丝杠具有高刚性、高承载能力、高精度等优点，适用于航空航天、重载机床等对性能要求极高的领域。

Planetary roller screw: Multiple planetary rollers are arranged between the screw and nut to achieve motion through the rolling of the rollers. The planetary roller screw has the advantages of high rigidity, high load-bearing capacity, and high precision, and is suitable for fields with extremely high performance requirements such as aerospace and heavy-duty machine tools.

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