直线导轨的介绍

　　Introduction to Linear Guides

　　直线导轨又称滑轨、线性导轨、线性滑轨，用来支撑和引导运动部件按给定的方向做往复直线运动。

　　Linear guide rail, also known as slide rail, linear guide rail, or linear slide rail, is used to support and guide moving parts to perform reciprocating linear motion in a given direction.

　　在相同运动组件体积下，拥有比直线轴承更高的额定负载及运动精度，同时可以承担一定的扭矩负载。

　　Under the same volume of motion components, it has a higher rated load and motion accuracy than linear bearings, and can also bear a certain amount of torque load.

　　直线导轨可用作水平空间的重载搬运、精确定位运动及竖直空间的精确导向运动，实现了在较小空间的可靠运动，在机床、电子电器、医疗、机器人行业都有较为广泛的应用。

　　Linear guides can be used for heavy-duty handling in horizontal space, precise positioning motion, and precise guiding motion in vertical space, achieving reliable motion in smaller spaces. They have a wide range of applications in the machine tool, electronic and electrical, medical, and robotics industries.

　　直线导轨由滑轨、滑块、滚珠、滚珠保持器、回珠槽等组装而成，主要原理是通过回珠槽、滚珠保持器等结构使钢球列作循环运动，从而实现滑块在滑轨上的低摩擦直线运动。

　　A linear guide rail is assembled from a slide rail, slider, ball, ball retainer, ball return groove, etc. The main principle is to achieve low friction linear motion of the slider on the slide rail by circulating the steel ball column through the ball return groove, ball retainer, and other structures.

　　这样的结构决定了直线导轨有以下几个基本特点：

　　This structure determines that linear guides have the following basic characteristics:

　　特点1：由于是点面接触，所以摩擦阻力很小，可以进行细微的运动，实现控制装置等的高精度定位。

　　Feature 1: Due to the point surface contact, the frictional resistance is very small, allowing for subtle movements and achieving high-precision positioning of control devices.

　　特点2：因为滚珠有自身的滚动槽，转动面的受力会被分散，因此有较大的容许载重。

　　Feature 2: Because the ball has its own rolling groove, the force on the rotating surface will be dispersed, resulting in a larger allowable load capacity.

　　特点3：直线导轨在运作时不易产生摩擦热量，不易受热变形，因此适用于做高速运动。

　　Feature 3: Linear guides are not prone to generating frictional heat during operation and are not easily deformed by heat, making them suitable for high-speed motion.

　　特点4：通常各滚珠列的接触角为45°，使滑块上的4个作用方向（径向、反径向和侧向）均具有相同的额定载荷。

　　Feature 4: Typically, the contact angle of each ball column is 45 °, ensuring that all four directions of action on the slider (radial, anti radial, and lateral) have the same rated load.

　　二．直线导轨的分类

　　2、 Classification of Linear Guides

　　根据适用载荷的不同，主要可分为微型及中、重载型。

　　According to the different applicable loads, it can be mainly divided into micro, medium, and heavy-duty types.

　　直线导轨主要由滚珠传递载荷，所以微型及中、重载型的区别主要是滚珠的列数不同。

　　Linear guides mainly transmit loads through balls, so the difference between micro, medium, and heavy-duty types is mainly the number of rows of balls.

　　如图5、6，微型直线导轨一般有2列钢珠，与轨道面4点接触，结构紧凑；中、重载型直线导轨一般有4列钢珠，提高了承载能力。一般微型直线导轨的基本额定动载荷在10KN以内，中、重载型的基本额定动载荷可高达80KN。

　　As shown in Figures 5 and 6, micro linear guides generally have 2 rows of steel balls that make 4-point contact with the track surface, resulting in a compact structure; Medium and heavy-duty linear guides generally have 4 rows of steel balls, which improves the load-bearing capacity. The basic rated dynamic load of general micro linear guides is within 10KN, while the basic rated dynamic load of medium and heavy-duty types can reach up to 80KN.

　　直线导轨根据轨道宽度及滑块宽度、长度不同，分类如下：

　　Linear guides are classified according to the width of the track and the width and length of the slider, as follows:

　　加宽导轨使用场合：

　　Application scenarios for widened guide rails:

　　标准导轨的总高和轨道宽度比约为1.1，而加宽轨道的高宽比约为0.65，加宽轨道比标准轨道，总高度下降40%，因此在高度方向有限制的场合，适合使用加宽轨道；相反，在宽度方向有限制的场合，请使用标准轨道。

　　The total height to track width ratio of a standard guide rail is about 1.1, while the height to width ratio of a widened track is about 0.65. The widened track has a 40% decrease in total height compared to a standard track, making it the most suitable for use in situations where there are height restrictions; On the contrary, in situations where there are restrictions in the width direction, please use standard tracks.

　　另一方面，加宽轨道高宽比降低，相比标准轨道，静态容许力矩增强约1倍以上，刚性大幅提升，适合偏移的结构。

　　On the other hand, widening the track reduces the aspect ratio, and compared to standard tracks, the static allowable torque is increased by more than 1 times, resulting in a significant increase in rigidity, making it most suitable for structures with center of gravity offset.

　　加宽滑块使用场合：

　　Application scenarios for widening sliders:

　　加宽滑块和标准滑块，在基本额定负载和静态容许力矩方面大致一样，没有变化，但是加宽滑块上固定螺栓比标准滑块大，固定强度提高。

　　The widened slider and the standard slider are roughly the same in terms of basic rated load and static allowable torque, with no changes, but the fixed bolts on the widened slider are larger than those on the standard slider, resulting in improved fixing strength.

　　各种长度滑块使用场合：

　　Application scenarios for sliders of various lengths:

　　选定轨道之后，用什么长度的滑块，主要考虑方向是滑块越长，基本额定负载和静态容许力矩越大。

　　After selecting the track, the length of the slider to be used mainly depends on the direction where the longer the slider, the greater the basic rated load and static allowable torque.

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