　　滚珠丝杠是将旋转运动转换成线性运动的理想传动装置，主要由丝杠轴、螺母、滚珠以及循环部件组成。丝杠轴、螺母和端盖 (一类滚珠循环部件，此处以“端盖式循环” 为例解释滚珠丝杠传动原理) 上都制有圆弧形螺旋槽，将它们套装在一起时，这些槽对合起来就形成了螺旋通道，滚珠能够在通道内循环滚动。当丝杠相对于螺母旋转时，滚珠在滚道内自转，同时又在封闭的滚道内循环运动，使丝杠和螺母相对产生轴向运动。滚珠丝杠主要可分为内循环和外循环两大类，外循环中又可再分为端部导流、管循环和端盖式。外循环式滚珠丝杠运动时，部分滚珠与丝杠不接触，其优点为工艺简单且易于制造，而缺点为效率较低；内循环式滚珠丝杠运动时，滚珠始终与丝杠接触，适用于高速高敏高刚度场景，但缺点为加工困难。

　　Ball screw is an ideal transmission device that converts rotational motion into linear motion, mainly composed of a screw shaft, nut, ball, and circulating components. The screw shaft, nut, and end cap (a type of ball screw circulation component, here taking the "end cap circulation" as an example to explain the principle of ball screw transmission) are all made with circular arc-shaped spiral grooves. When they are fitted together, these grooves match to form a spiral channel, and the ball can circulate and roll in the channel. When the screw rotates relative to the nut, the ball rotates on its own in the raceway, while also circulating in the closed raceway, causing axial motion between the screw and nut. Ball screws can be mainly divided into two categories: internal circulation and external circulation. External circulation can be further divided into end guide, tube circulation, and end cap type. When the external circulation ball screw moves, some of the balls do not come into contact with the screw, which has the advantages of simple process and easy manufacturing, but the disadvantage is low efficiency; When the internal circulation ball screw moves, the ball is always in contact with the screw, which is suitable for high-speed, high-sensitivity, and high stiffness scenarios, but the disadvantage is that it is difficult to process.

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